Meeeitt gally



2 Sheets-Sheet 1. M. GALLY.

MECHANICAL MUSIGAL INSTRUMENT.

(No Model.)

No. 346,152. Patented July 27, 1886.

Inventor.

N PETERS. Pme-Lnhugmphcr, washingnn. D. C.

2. Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

M. GALLY.

MECHANICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

NC. 346,152. Patented July 27, 1886.

///// /lll rf/IIIA? lf/ l /////A Witnesses:

Inventor.

N, PETERS. Phow-Llhngmpmr. www non D c IUNITED STATES PATENT OEEicE.

MERRITT GALLY, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

MECHANICAL MUSICAL Application filed Api-i123, i885.

INSTRUMENT.

7 ECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 346,152, dated July 27,1826.

Serial No. 163,190. (No model.)

T0 all whom, 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, lllmmi'rr GALLY, residing at New York city, in thecounty of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Musical Instruments, of which thel'ollowing is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side view, partly sectional,of the interior of an organ, showing the devices of the invention inworking position. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of modifications of oneofthe reed-tubes ol' Fig. l.. isa sectional view of modiiications ofkey-action. Fig. Ll shows views, in perspective and section, ofthebellowsvalve. Fig. 5 is a side view of modilication of pneumatic level'.Fig. G is a rear View, partly sectional, of reed-chest, valve-board, andpneumatic action. Fig. 7 is a plan View ofthe music-sheet and motor.Figs. 7" and 7 are details,-and Fig. S is a side view, partly sectional,ol. music-sheet motor and its metronomeadj ustc r.

The organ represented in the drawings is constructed so that it may beoperated either manually or mechanically, or manually and mechanicallyin combination.

The groovcd board M, l, forms the base ofthe action, thegroovcs of whichconnect through tubes j with the tracker-range L, which operates vinconnection with a perforated music-sheet, V. rlhe grooves of board Malso lead to valves @,wl 'ch are operated by means ol` .finger-keys G.Passing transversely across the groved board M are a number of narrowsupplemental grooved boards, z, which taken together secure in a smallspace a large amount of surface for the attachment of diaphragms forpneumatic motors for operating the two lines of reed-valves b b.Pneumatic diaphragms are attached to bot-h sides of the supplementalgrooved boards z. Each supplemental grooved board has, therefore, twolines ot' diaphragm pneumatics-those on one side operating one set ofvalve-levers and those on the opposite side operating another set ofvalve-levers, as shown. Four supplemental grooved boards are shown inFig. l, allowing the diaphragm ofthe pneumaties to bein diameter equalto the width of space occupied by four reed-valves, thus makingthepneumatics suflicientlylarge to be of considerable power. A greateror less number ot' supplemental grooved boards may be used, making thepneumatics,largcr or smaller, according to the amount of power requiredto operate the valves. The lines of levers d fldfd operate the line ofvalves Z1, and the lines ot' levers m m m2 m operate the line of valvesb. Fig. G Shows the arrangement of several lines of pneumatics, lappingeach other successively the width of a valve. The levers m fm/ m2 m3 areattached by means of draw-wires to valvesV b', and are also providedwith push wires, which operate the external vent-valves, ci. The line ofvent-valves cz are employed to operate, through tubes or grooves, the linc of p ncumatics N, which conneetwith aline of reed-valves, 1l?.

The reed-cells Il I Q are attached, in ordinary manner, to theirvalve-boards. .lhc cells D' D/ are placed at right-angles to theirvalveboard, and have supplemental cells D? IY, through which the airpasses from the reeds, and which are opened and closed by means ofreed-valves b. The supplemental cells D: l)2 open directly into theair-chest A. The reedcells II are of peculiar construction, and producea tone from the reed very closcl y imitating that of a finte. On thcoutside of the wall ot' the cell,opposite the rced,is a supplementalchamber, an opening, r, being made through the wall of the cell into thechamber. ly means of this construction the character of tone produced bythe vibrating air is entirely different from that of a reed in anordinary cell. I also produce a peculiar quality ottone by mal:- ing thereed-cell somewhat longer than ordinary, and making the part near themouth larger than the remaining portion of the cell, as I. rlwomodifications of this constuction are shown in Fig. 2. rlhe cell I has asmall opening, o, from the smaller part ot' the cell tothe external air.The cell I has a small opening, o, through the wall of its larger partto the external air.

Figs. 3 shows a modiiication of the ingerkey action, the tinger-keys Goperating two lines of push-pins-one operating the pneumatic valve c,and the other directly connecting with a line of reed-valves, l.

Fig. 4 shows the peculiar construction of the valves .I of theexhansters of the bellows.

A number ofholes are made in the beard S, prefrably in a circle. A pieceof valve-leather, h, is placed over these holes. The central part/oftheleather is then made fast to the board of sufficient area to govern andhold in position the entire piece. A piece of wood or other suitablematerial, J, is placed so that the central portion holds the leatherfast to the board, the outer rim being a little removed from the leatherand forming a check for the movement of the margin of the leather.Jrepresents the valve-check, the central portion of which forms a stud,which is driven into a central hole in the valve-board, lstopped by ashoulder which forms the binding part for holding the leather inposition. Jzis a modiication of the valve-check, held to the valve-lboard by means of a central screw. The valve thus constructed maypresent a very large amount of valve-surface and windway, and at thesame time have very little iiap, and no tendency to crumple or get ontof place.

Fig. 5 shows a modification of the pneumatic levers of Fig. l, thefulcrum of the lever being placed between the pneumatic motor and thepull-wire. This construction is desirable when considerable power isrequired to operate the valves b.

In Fig. 6 a portion of the reed-board is shown in section, to expose thereed-cells. The iigure is broken in order to show the two extremes ofthe reed-board. The part on the left hand shows two distinct sets ofreeds of ordinary width, the two being operated by means of one line ofvalves. Below are shown three styles of reeds, all having ordinary widthreed-blocks, any or all of which styles are applicable to the cells. Thereed-board terminates at the right of the break with two lines ofcells,having oniy one set of reeds, the cells alternating in position.This alternation is to accommodate the branching tongued reeds at thebase end of the scale, where the reeds, beinglarge, are necessarilywider than ordinary blocks. The pneumatic action, however, notnecessarily corresponding in measurement with the manual, allows theregular order without alteration, it" desired.

Fig. 7 is a plan view ofthe music-sheet motor, and Fig. 8 is a side viewof same, partly sectional,showing metronome-valve and valves forfinger-keys. To produce the motive power for drivingl the take-up rollerE, I use a fanwheel inclosed in the drum C, which wheel is revolved by 1means of the exhaust through tube T, which leads to the exhaustair-chest of the instrument. Such a motor has seemed heretoforeimpracticable, on account of the variable tension produced by theexhaust-bellows, and the consequent diiiiulty of producing regular time.I overcome all such diiiieulties by the construction shown in Figs. 7and 8. Under the windewheel C, Fig. 8, are shown two chambers, throughwhich -the exhaust-air passes from the wheel tothe windchest of theinstrument. -Upon the cover of the upper chamber is a metronome-scale,arranged upon an arc, and an adjustable pointer pivoted. to an uprightshaft,passing downward to the lower chamber, where it is attached to avalve, a', which opens and closes (more or less) a port leading from.the Yupper to the lower chamber. The exhaust-tubeT connects with thelower chamber, and the drum of the wind-wheel connects with the upperchamber.

The valve between the chambers would deterl I use a compensatingfriction device which is under control of the exhaust, and acts as racounterpoise between the force required The pinion of the and the powerapplied. wind-wheel connects with a wheel on the This drivingshaft gearsto 0n the end driving-shaft u. and drives the take-up roller E.

of the driving-shaft is a friction-disk, X, and

pressing against this disk is a counterl frictiondisk, which connectsthe lever g. The lever g is operated by means of a pneumatic, e, whichis connected by a tube to the exhaustchamber of the instrument. Thefriction dcvice X acts as a retard i against the power of thewind-wheel, and regulates its velocity. The lever g is made adjustableby means of a sliding adjustable fulcrum, z', as shown.

To adj ust the apparatus, the pointer a of the metronome is set for anygiven time, and the wheel revolved by means of the exhaust. The lever gis then adjusted until its leverage upon the friction device, with thepower applied by pneumatic e3, brings the speed of the .windwheel to theproper time. Now, however vari' able the tension of the exhaust may bethe time of the motor will not change, for if the air-tension increasesand tends to increase the speed of the wind-wheel the same increase ofair-tension proportionately increases the retarding friction at X, andif the'air-tension is diminished, tending to diminish the speed of thewind-wheel, the friction is proportionately diminished by aproportionate decrease in power of pneumatic c3, applied to lever g. lItis now only necessary to so shape the port of Valve a that the valveshall produce the proper opening, when set by the pointer a, for theseveral degrees of the scale, andthe metronome device is accuratelyoperative under all variationsin the exhaust. The bellowspedals oftheorgan can now be operated rap idly or slowly, and themusic renderedpowerfully with high tension or softly with low tension, as desired,without disturbing the time of the music-sheet motor.

' Another pneumatic friction-retarding device, c2, similar to thatalready described, is shown in Fig. 7, connected with the journal of thedelivery-roll F. This regulates the friction which is applied to holdthe musicsheet taut, so that it shall also be proportionate to theair-tension and not disturb the regularity ofthe time. This may be usedwithout the device ci", g, if desired, answering a double purpose, bothas the music-sheet holdback and the retarding regulating-friction of themotor.

For playing long pieces of music, the musicsheet roll is of such sizethat its diameter is so much changed as the unrolling progresses thatthere is a perccptable change in the power required for enrolling andtaking up on the take-up roller. ln order that this shall not affect theregularity of the time of the motor, l apply a compensating friction tothe surface of one of the rolls or to some other point of the apparatuswhich is affected bythe change in size ofthe roll. In Fig. T a spring,s", hav` ing attached to it a presser, which bears against the surfaceof the roll of music, is shown for this purpose. A side view is shown inFig. 7". As the roll diminishes in size, the pressure of the springdiminishes, which compeusates for the greater power required to unwindthe roll.

For the greatest accuracy, when desirable,

instead of' applying the sp ring-pressure, l produce a change in thepower of the holdbaek device et' n, which will correspond with thechange in the diameter of' the roll of music. This f do by substitutingfor the spring and presser s a lever, which is applied either to shiftthe fulcrum of lever a. or to operate a small vent-valve connecting withpneumatic The application of lever aud vent-valve is shown in llig. 7".The vent-tube Z* leads to the pneumatic et'.

Above the rear ends of the manual key-levers is a table extending f'romend to end of the manual key-board, and attached firmly to the easeofthe instrument. This table forms the base upon which are arranged themotor-controlling keys l. 2 and expression-keys Ll 5 as shown in Fig. 7..ihrough an opening` in this table, projecting upward, is the pneumatictracker-range7 or tubular rest, upon which the music-sheet travels tomechanically operate the instrument. This tracker-range is attached tothe instrument or to the table, and irmly fixed in position.

In order that the music-sheet may not run crookedly, and may properlypass from one roller to the other, it is necessary that thetracker-range or tubular rest, over which the music-sheettravels, andboth rollers be in perfeet parallelism.

It is very difficult to make the adjustment on the table of theinstrument. I therefore attach the supportiiig-bearings for the rollersto a base only sufficiently large to receive them,

u and on this base carefully adjust and line the rollers away from theinstrument. Through this base is an opening somewhat larger than thepneumatic tracker-range, so that the base can be placed on the table andsurround the tracker-range, and be sufficiently movable to bring alltheparts in line. This base is held to the table with screws, and theholes for the screws through the base are made larger in diameter thanthe screws and washers placed under thesereuheads, to allow foradjustment ofthe base. lilith this construction a new adjustmcnt maybemade at any time to compensate for warping, shrinkage, or swelling` ofany part affecting the movement oft-hc musicsheet.

The music-sheet motor, as thus far described, is constructed to produceinvariable metronome time, as .indicated by the pointer a of themetronome lt. lt is desirable to be able to vary this time at will foraccelerando, ralperformer, which may differ Yfrom the arrangement in themusic-sheet. For this purpose l usethelinger-keysl. Theseoperatevalvesa3 a, as shown in Fig. S. The valve a" is a tip-valve, and serves toclose the port of the metronome-valve c for producing a hold, as whenits key is fully depressed it cuts the exhaust instantly off from themotor-wheel. lf slowly and partially depressed, a rallentando isproduced. The valvestc open portsof'difl'erent sizes from the upper intothe lower chamber, and produce an accelerated movement, one greater thanthe other when fully depressed. Xv'hen depressed gradually,the movenientis gradually accelerated. ly different combinations of the three keyssix accurate and sudden changes maybe produced. By the addition of oneor two more keys a much greater number of combinations may be made, it'desired; but three keys are found to be practically sufficient.

The keys -ft 5 5 i at the right ofthe musicsheet, liig. 7, connect withthe expressionpneumatics ofthe instrument.

l do not herein claim the combination with the bellows of the pneumaticmotor and the sheet-winding devices, the same being contained in myapplication filed October 24,1885. Serial No. 180,845.

llfhat l claim as my invention, is*

l. rlShe combination,with the operatiiig-keys er tracker-range, of agrooved board forming the base of the action and two or moresupplemental grooved boards attached thereto, contained within thevalve-chamberof the organ, the several supplemental grooved boardsprovided with pneumatic motors connected with and for operating thevulves of the sounding devices.

2. The combination,with the operati iig-keys or music-sheettracker-range and a main grooved board, of two or more supplementalgrooved boards attached to the main board contained within theair-chamber of the organ, pneumatic diaphragmsin connection with thegrooves, and levers operated thereby, connected with and workingthcvalves of the sounding devices.

lentando, or hold, according to the taste of the y 3. Pneumatic motorsconnected with and to operate valves of sounding devices, and alsoconstructed and 4arranged to operate pneumatic valves for controllingsupplemental pneumatic motors for working the valves of additionalsounding devices.

4. The pneumatic action consisting of an air-chest with a grooved boardor grooved boards contained therein, the groov ed board or boards havingpneumatic motors attached to both sides thereof.

5. The pneumatic action -consisting of an` 7. The combination, with anorgan-reed, of

a reed-cell fora single reed, the cavity having two parts, the outerpart larger in diameter than the other, substantially as and for thepurpose specitied.

8. The reed-cell for a single reed formed of two parts, one of greaterdiameter than the other, one of the parts having an orifice at adistance from the mouth of the cell opening through its wall to theexternal air.

9. The combination, with the take-up rol-ler for the music-sheet, of awind-wheel inelosed in a drum or chest and operated by means of theexhaust of the organ.

10. The combination,with the take-up roller for the music-sheet, of awind-motor having valves for controlling its motion and fingerkeys foroperating the valves.

11. The combinatiomwith the take-up roller for the music-sheet and awind-motor there for, of an adjustable valve for the movement of themotor and an additional valve for closing the port to produce atemporary hold7 in the music.

12. The combination,with the take-up roller for the music-sheet and awind-motor therefor, of a group of finger-keys for varying the movementof the motor, substantially as specifled.

13. The combination,with thetake-up roller for the music-sheet and awind-motor therefor operated by means of a bellows, of a compensatingpneumatic governing device opervated by means of the air of the samebellows,

and constructed to regulate the movement of the motor under variableair-tension by producing a compensation between the applied force andthe required power.

14. The combination,with the take-up rollerof retarding friction.

16. The combination,witl1 the delivery-,roller for the music-sheet ormusic-sheet spool,of aV pneumatic and a retarding or holding-backfriction device.

17. The combination, with the delivery-roller for the music-sheet ormusic-sheet roll, of a "holdback device constructed to change itsholding backtension in proportion to the change of the size of the rollto compensate dfor the changes-in the amount of power re- Aquired tounwind the roll.

18. The combination, with the music-sheet and delivery roller or spooltherefor, of the self-adjusting spring-friction device, construct-- edand arranged to change the tension according to the change in size ofthe roll of music.

19. The combination, 'with the music-sheet and delivery roller or spooltl1erefor,of apneumatic holdback device and a valve for thepneumatic,which valve is operated by means of a device havingsurface-contact with the roll of music for changing the tension of thepneumaticin proportion to the decrease in the size of theunwinding-roll.

20. The combination, with the pneumatic holdback device andregulating-valve therefor, of operating mechanism having surfacecontactwith the roll of music,and havingpro- -portionate movement to thedecrease in diam eter of the unwinding roll of music.

-21. -The combination, with themusic-sheet rollers andtheirsupporting-bearings, of a basep the whole forming a rollingapparatus removable from the instrument, and adjustable on theinstrument relatively to the seat on which the music-sheetrests,substantially as specite In testimony whereof I aftix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

MERRTT GALLY. Witnesses:

Roer. A. GALLY,

A. HEWIrIr.

IOO

